IGROUP PRESENCE QUESTIONNAIRE (IPQ)

The Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ) is a scale for measuring the sense of presence experienced in a virtual environment (VE). It has been constructed using a large pool of items and two survey waves with approximately 500 participants. It was originally constructed in German, but is now also available in English and Dutch.
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Common subjects

computer science | psychology | art | engineering | design | media sciences | architecture

Cities

weimar | jena | ulm | leipzig | bonn | hong kong | eindhoven | freiburg | london | dunedin | hull | oslo

links

it-resource
microvision.blogspot.com/

igroup presence questionnaire (IPQ) Factor Analysis

Reliability and Factor analysis of the provided data

In the two studies PQI and PQII, the subscales have the following reliabilities:

SubscaleCronbach's Alpha in PQIAlpha in PQ II
SP.80.77
INV.76.76
REAL.68.70
IPQ (14 items).85.87

For demonstrating the structure of the IPQ, we performed two principal component analyses with the two independent samples (PQI and PQII). The data were analyzed using SPSS 8.0. The complete output can be obtained in html or pdf. Here, we only include the structure matrices (wich are the crucial means of interpreting the structure).

In both analyses, there were only 3 factors with Eigenvalues above 1. All three factors were extracted and rotated in an oblique Direct Oblimin rotation. The following two tables are the structure matrices for sample 1 (PQI, N=264) and sample 2 (PQII, N=296).

Sample 1 Structure Matrix

 

Component

   
 

1

2

3

SP4

.847

.229

.434

SP5

.821

.201

.394

G1

.793

.399

.457

SP3

.756

.178

.224

SP2

-.686

-.197

-.184

SP1

.583

.275

.244

INV3

-.186

-.780

-.149

INV2

.209

.762

.274

INV1

.307

.740

.234

INV4

.263

.724

.113

REAL3

.256

.149

.795

REAL1

-.456

-.208

-.753

REAL2

.305

.184

.708

REAL4

.270

.513

.564

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Oblimin with Kaiser Normalization.

Sample 2 Structure Matrix

 

Component

   
 

SP

INV

REAL

SP5

.789

.443

.407

SP3

.741

.297

.254

SP4

.727

.484

.431

G1

.695

.507

.525

SP2

-.643

-.160

-.133

SP1

.623

.287

.312

INV2

.298

.845

.373

INV3

-.326

-.783

-.160

INV4

.519

.695

.340

INV1

.226

.652

.294

REAL4

 

.381

.767

REAL3

.425

.229

.730

REAL2

.335

.306

.728

REAL1

-.551

-.193

-.633

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Oblimin with Kaiser Normalization.

Loadings below .10 are discarded.

The matrices show how the subscale items load on their respective subscales fairly high, mostly above .60. Strong double loadings above .40 are rare, expcept for INV4 and REAL1 in sample 2. The general item G1 has, as intended, strong loadings on all three subscales, which is more pronounced in sample 2.


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